NASA has unveiled detailed plans for its fiscal year 2026 budget, proposing significant cuts to science missions and workforce alongside new investments in human space exploration, according to documents released on May 30.
The agency's proposed budget request totals $18.8 billion, representing a nearly 25% decrease from the $24.9 billion NASA received in fiscal year 2025. Adjusted for inflation, this marks the lowest funding level since 1961. NASA's workforce would shrink substantially under the plan, with civil servant numbers dropping from 17,391 in 2025 to 11,853 in 2026—a reduction of roughly one-third.
The budget details reveal steep reductions across NASA's science programs, with funding falling 47% to $3.9 billion. More than 40 missions—ranging from those in development to extended operations—face cancellation or defunding, including high-profile programs like the Mars Sample Return, Landsat Next Earth observation, and several planetary missions such as DAVINCI and VERITAS to Venus. NASA's participation in European Space Agency missions, including the Rosalind Franklin Mars rover and EnVision Venus orbiter, would also end.
Astrophysics missions are hit hard as well. Although development continues for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, funding for the project would be slashed by over half. Ongoing missions including the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and Fermi would be terminated, and funding for future projects like the Astrophysics Probe and Explorer-class missions would cease. Heliophysics and biological sciences programs also face deep cuts.
Casey Dreier, chief of space policy at The Planetary Society, said the scale of cancellations was “generally what we expected,” but expressed surprise at the inclusion of highly productive missions such as MAVEN, Juno, and New Horizons. He also noted that the budget would effectively halt production of plutonium-238, critical for outer solar system missions.
In contrast, the budget prioritizes exploration initiatives. It cancels the lunar Gateway and phases out the Space Launch System (SLS) and Orion spacecraft after the Artemis 3 mission. The proposal allocates $864 million for a new Commercial Moon to Mars (M2M) Infrastructure and Transportation Program aimed at developing commercial systems to replace SLS/Orion, lunar and Martian relay satellites, and advanced space suits for Mars surface activities. Over $1 billion is earmarked for Mars exploration projects, including near-term demonstrations of human-class landers and commercial payload deliveries.
The proposed budget, submitted to Congress, has drawn immediate criticism from advocacy groups and lawmakers. Dreier said congressional offices, including Republicans, view the proposal as “dead on arrival,” with little support for cutting NASA science. The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) released a statement condemning the cuts, warning they “could jeopardize U.S. space leadership” and recommending NASA funding of at least $25.6 billion in 2026.
NASA's final budget will depend on congressional negotiations, where pushback against the proposed reductions is anticipated.